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While conjugate vaccines against typhoid fever have recently been recommended by the World Health Organization for deployment, the lack of a vaccine against paratyphoid, multidrug resistance and chronic carriage all present challenges for the elimination of enteric fever. In the past decade, the development of in vitro and human challenge models has resulted in major advances in our understanding of enteric fever pathogenesis. In this review, we summarise these advances, outlining mechanisms of host restriction, intestinal invasion, interactions with innate immunity and chronic carriage, and discuss how this knowledge may progress future vaccines and antimicrobials.

Original publication

DOI

10.1093/femsre/fuab014

Type

Journal article

Journal

FEMS Microbiol Rev

Publication Date

08/09/2021

Volume

45

Keywords

Salmonella Paratyphi A, Salmonella Typhi, bacterial pathogenesis, enteric fever, enteric infection, typhoid, Humans, Salmonella, Salmonella paratyphi A, Salmonella typhi, Typhoid Fever, Typhoid-Paratyphoid Vaccines