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On November 20, 2017, the Typhoid Vaccine Acceleration Consortium (TyVAC) vaccinated the first of 20,000 children against typhoid, successfully launching a study to assess the impact of typhoid conjugate vaccines (TCVs) in preventing typhoid among children in Nepal.
LISTEN: lived experiences of Long COVID: a social media analysis of mental health and supplement use.
INTRODUCTION: Long COVID, or Post-Acute Sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection (PASC), is a complex condition characterized by a wide range of persistent symptoms that can significantly impact an individual's quality of life and mental health. This study explores public perspectives on the mental health impact…
Immunogenicity and Safety of ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 (AZD1222) as a Homologous Fourth-Dose Booster: A Substudy of the Phase 3 COV003 Trial in Brazil
Objective: To address that, despite widespread use of ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 (AZD1222) as a COVID-2019 booster, fourth-dose clinical outcomes data are limited. We report immunogenicity and safety for ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 as a homologous fourth-dose booster. Participants and Methods: Participants (aged ≥18 years)…
Antibiotic use attributable to RSV infections during infancy - an international prospective birth cohort study
Background Early-life antibiotic use impacts microbiome composition and contributes to the emergence of antimicrobial resistance. Despite respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) being a leading cause of acute respiratory infections (ARI), accurate estimates of antibiotic use attributable to RSV are lacking. Objecti…
Two distinct subpopulations of human stem-like memory T cells exhibit complementary roles in self-renewal and clonal longevity.
T stem cell-like memory cells (TSCM cells) are considered to be essential for the maintenance of immune memory. The TSCM population has been shown to have the key properties of a stem cell population: multipotency, self-renewal and clonal longevity. Here we show that no single population has all these ste…
Respiratory Syncytial Virus-related Community Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Exacerbations and Novel Diagnostics: A Binational Prospective Cohort Study.
Rationale: Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a common global respiratory virus that is increasingly recognized as a major pathogen in frail older adults and as a cause of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) exacerbations. There is no single test for RSV in adults that has acceptable diagnostic accurac…
Serum and mucosal antibody-mediated protection and identification of asymptomatic respiratory syncytial virus infection in community-dwelling older adults in Europe.
INTRODUCTION: Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) causes acute respiratory tract infection (ARTI) and reinfects adults throughout life, posing a risk for hospitalization in older adults (>60 years) with frailty and comorbidities. METHODS: To investigate serum and mucosal antibodies for protection against RSV…
Antifungal Use in Immunocompromised Children in Europe: A 12-Week Multicenter Weekly Point Prevalence Survey (CALYPSO)
We prospectively analyzed antifungal use in immunocompromised children through a multicenter 12-week weekly point-prevalence survey in 31 hematology-oncology (HO) and hematopoietic stem cell/solid organ transplant (HSCT/SOT) units of 18 hospitals in 11 European countries. All patients hospitalized and re…
Communicating about paediatric infectious diseases at the beginning of the 20th century.
The Charta of paediatric infectious diseases, which was printed in Athens, Greece in 1912, contains instructions for school students on the prevention of paediatric infectious diseases occurring in Greece at the beginning of the 20th century. It consists of four sections: i) The official circular of the Department…
180-day efficacy of nirsevimab against hospitalisation for respiratory syncytial virus lower respiratory tract infections in infants (HARMONIE): a randomised, controlled, phase 3b trial.
BACKGROUND: Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a leading cause of lower respiratory tract infection and hospitalisations in infants worldwide. The primary analyses of HARMONIE showed that nirsevimab reduced infant hospitalisations due to RSV-associated lower respiratory tract infection through the RSV seas…
Recent advances in the prevention and treatment of respiratory syncytial virus disease.
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is associated with considerable healthcare burden; as such, prevention and treatment of RSV have long been considered a priority. Historic failures in RSV vaccine development had slowed the research field. However, the discovery of the conformational change in the RSV fusion…
Antiviral Treatment and Risk of Hearing Loss in Asymptomatic and Mild Symptomatic Infants With Congenital Cytomegalovirus.
BACKGROUND: To assess hearing outcomes at 24 months of age in infants with mild congenital cytomegalovirus (cCMV) infection, depending on whether they have received antiviral treatment or not. METHODS: A retrospective study within the European Registry of Children with cCMV was performed. Included chil…
In Vitro Characterization of the Immune Response to an Epitope Ensemble Vaccine Against Rhinovirus in Pediatric Asthma and Adults With Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: Protocol for an Observational and Exploratory Study.
BACKGROUND: Human rhinoviruses (HRVs) are the leading cause of upper respiratory tract infections, responsible for over half of all such infections. Infection rates among young children can reach as high as 8-12 episodes per year. While HRV infections typically result in mild common colds, they can also…
The respiratory microbiome is linked to the severity of RSV infections and the persistence of symptoms in children.
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is the leading cause of infant respiratory infections and hospitalizations. To investigate the relationship between the respiratory microbiome and RSV infection, we sequence nasopharyngeal samples from a birth cohort and a pediatric case-control study (Respiratory Syncy…
Respiratory viral detection in children hospitalized with pneumonia during periods of major population disruptions in Nepal, 2014-2018.
BACKGROUND: Respiratory viruses commonly cause pneumonia in children. We aimed to identify respiratory viral nucleic acids in the nasopharynx of children admitted with pneumonia from 2014 to 2018, a period including a major earthquake (April 2015), PCV10 introduction (August 2015), and a fuel shortage (O…
Prediction and characterisation of the human B cell response to a heterologous two-dose Ebola vaccine.
Ebola virus disease (EVD) outbreaks are increasing, posing significant threats to affected communities. Effective outbreak management depends on protecting frontline health workers, a key focus of EVD vaccination strategies. IgG specific to the viral glycoprotein serves as the correlate of protection for…
Understanding the interaction of upper respiratory tract infection with respiratory syncytial virus and Streptococcus pneumoniae using a human challenge model: a multicenter, randomized controlled study protocol.
BACKGROUND: Streptococcus pneumoniae (pneumococcus) and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) are major causes of respiratory infections globally. Viral and bacterial co-infections are commonly observed in respiratory infections and there is evidence that these pathogens interact synergistically to evade host re…